Development of an IoT-Based Smart Urban Water Supply Monitoring System in Lokoja LGA, Kogi State
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Background of the study:
Urban water supply systems in rapidly growing regions like Lokoja LGA face persistent challenges such as water losses, contamination, and irregular supply due to aging infrastructure and inefficient management. Traditional monitoring methods are often manual and periodic, leading to delays in detecting leaks, blockages, or quality issues. The introduction of IoT technology offers a promising solution by enabling real-time monitoring of water supply networks. An IoT-based smart water supply monitoring system deploys sensors at critical points within the network to measure parameters like flow rate, pressure, and quality indicators. This continuous data collection allows for instant detection of anomalies, such as sudden drops in pressure that could indicate leaks or contaminants affecting water quality (Aminu, 2023). The system uses wireless communication to send data to a centralized platform where predictive analytics and machine learning algorithms process the information to generate actionable insights (Okoro, 2024). Such real-time monitoring not only facilitates prompt maintenance actions but also helps in optimizing resource allocation and reducing water wastage. The integration of IoT solutions into urban water management aligns with global trends toward smart city initiatives, aiming to enhance service delivery and sustainability (Emeka, 2025). By automating data collection and analysis, the system reduces human error and operational costs, while also providing residents with more reliable water services. This study explores the development and deployment of such a system in Lokoja LGA, focusing on improving water supply efficiency and safety.
Statement of the problem:
Urban water supply in Lokoja LGA suffers from inefficiencies stemming from outdated monitoring practices. Manual inspections and intermittent data collection often result in undetected leaks, water contamination, and inconsistent supply, adversely affecting both the environment and public health (Umar, 2023). The absence of real-time monitoring leads to delays in addressing critical issues, resulting in water loss and increased operational costs. Moreover, the lack of automated data analysis impedes the ability to forecast and preemptively manage potential system failures. Financial constraints and infrastructural limitations further hinder the modernization of water management practices, leaving the community vulnerable to supply disruptions and quality issues. Without a robust, IoT-based monitoring system, these challenges persist, compromising water reliability and safety. An automated system that provides continuous, real-time data is essential for efficient water management, timely maintenance, and sustainable resource usage (Aminu, 2024).
Objectives of the study:
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To design an IoT-based smart water supply monitoring system for urban environments.
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To evaluate the system’s effectiveness in detecting anomalies and reducing water loss.
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To propose integration strategies for existing urban water infrastructure.
Research questions:
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How effective is the IoT-based system in monitoring water quality and flow in real time?
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What improvements in water management can be observed after system implementation?
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How can the system be integrated with current urban water supply frameworks?
Significance of the study:
This study is significant as it addresses critical urban water management issues by leveraging IoT technology. The system’s real-time monitoring and predictive capabilities can reduce water loss, improve quality, and optimize maintenance, thereby enhancing the sustainability of urban water supply systems in Lokoja LGA.
Scope and limitations of the study:
This study is limited to the development and evaluation of an IoT-based smart urban water supply monitoring system in Lokoja LGA, Kogi State. It does not extend to rural water supply systems or other urban utilities.
Definitions of terms:
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IoT (Internet of Things): A network of interconnected devices that transmit real-time data.
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Water Supply Monitoring System: A system that continuously tracks parameters related to water distribution and quality.
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Smart Urban Infrastructure: Urban systems enhanced with digital and automated technologies for improved efficiency.
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